B. Gurugnanam ¹, M. Suresh ¹, M. Vinoth ¹, N. Prabhakaran ², S. Kumaravel ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Civil Engineering, PSNA College of Engg. & Tech., Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Groundwater chemical quality studies were carried out in upper Manimuktha sub basin, Vellar, South India. Fifty two groundwater samples were collected from dug and bore well during pre and post monsoon seasons of 2006. The samples were analyzed for various water quality parameters such as pH, Electric Conductivity, Total dissolved solids, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Bicarbonate, Carbonate, Sulphate and Chloride. The results were evaluated in detail and compared with WHO water quality standards. An overall assessment of the water samples indicated that the physico and chemical parameters are lies within the permissible limit except in some locations. It is inferred from Piper trilinear diagram that the water is mostly of alkaline earth exceeds alkalies. Gibbs diagram reveals that the overall hydrogeochemical environment of the study area is controlled by the rock water interaction dominance. According to the USSL classification of water quality, it falls under C₃ - S₁ category. These results were taken in to GIS platform for further processing to understand the spatial variation. Finally, the quality variation is brought out at village level.

Keywords

Groundwater, Drinking and Irrigational Quality, GIS, Manimuktha, South India

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B. Gurugnanam ¹, M. Suresh ¹, M. Vinoth ¹, S. Kumaravel

Affiliations
1 GIT Lab, Dept. of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608 002,TN, IN

Abstract

In the present study, an attempt has been made to understand the rainfall fluctuation with respect to spatial distribution in Salem district of Tamil Nadu through GIS Technique. To achieve the aim, rainfall variations during winter (Jan.&Feb.), summer (Mar. to May), southwest monsoon (Jun. to Sep.) and northeast monsoon (Oct. to Dec.) were analyzed for the period 1998 to 2007. These results were taken into GIS platform to prepare the spatial distribution maps. The spatial distribution maps of Southwest- and Northeast- monsoon season showed that 1775.65 Km2 and 430.48 Km² of the study area received above 400 mm of rainfall during the respective monsoon seasons. Annual average rainfall spatial distribution map for the years 1998-2007 revealed that 3808 Km² of the study area falls under less than 200 mm (poor category) of rainfall. It shows the annual average rainfall distribution is very low in the study area. The high rainfall domain occupies only 8.15 and 33.62% of the study area.

Keywords

GIS, PWD, Spatial Distribution, Monsoon Season, Rainfall, Tamil Nadu

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M. Vinoth ¹, S. Omkumar ¹

Affiliations
1 ECE Department, SCSVMV University, Sri Jayendra Saraswathi Street, Enathur, Kanchipuram - 631561, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objective: The paper presents the methods for improving the power efficiency for the MANET when it is implemented in the IoT environment for tele-emergency applications. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The proposed algorithm works on the adaptive principle of distance and energy threshold for less energy consumption. The algorithm adopts for the intelligent decision of using the energy in terms of the distance when the MANET connected with the IOT. Findings: In this research, we have developed the algorithms for Energy consumption in MANET when involved in the IoT environment. The algorithm has been tested with the Contiki-OS and Cooja Simulator and it remarkably it consumes less power for the MANET in the IOT. The experiment conducted shows the 10% of the reduction in the power consumption when compared with the other MANET algorithms when it is working in the IoT scenarios. Applications/Improvements: This algorithm is applied for the increase in the battery life-time of the tele-emergency network and it can be improvised for the better power consumption by changing the more parameters.

Keywords

IoT, LOMAN, MANET.

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